Hafnium, represented by the symbol Hf, is a chemical element with the atomic number 72. It is a shiny, silvery metal that belongs to the transition metals group in the periodic table. Hafnium is known for its high melting point and excellent corrosion resistance, making it useful in various industrial applications, including nuclear reactors and semiconductor manufacturing. Discovered in 1923 by Zirconium chemist Dirk Coster and physicist George de Hevesy, hafnium is primarily obtained from the mineral zircon. It is often used in alloys to improve strength and resistance to heat. Hafnium's unique properties also make it valuable in the production of tungsten and tantalum components.