Hepcidin is a small peptide hormone produced mainly by the liver. It plays a crucial role in regulating iron levels in the body by controlling the absorption of iron from the diet and its release from stores. When iron levels are sufficient, Hepcidin increases, leading to reduced iron absorption and release, helping to prevent excess iron accumulation. Hepcidin is also involved in the body's response to inflammation and infection. During these conditions, Hepcidin levels can rise, which helps to limit iron availability to pathogens, as many bacteria require iron for growth. This mechanism is part of the body's innate immune response.