Helium refrigeration is a cooling method that uses liquid helium to achieve extremely low temperatures, often below -269 degrees Celsius. This process is essential in various scientific applications, including cryogenics and superconductivity, where materials need to be cooled to enhance their performance or to study their properties. The refrigeration system typically involves compressing helium gas and then cooling it until it becomes a liquid. This liquid helium can absorb heat from its surroundings, effectively lowering the temperature of the system. Helium's unique properties, such as its low boiling point, make it an ideal choice for achieving these ultra-cold conditions.