Hawking Radiation is a theoretical prediction made by physicist Stephen Hawking in 1974. It describes how black holes can emit radiation due to quantum effects near their event horizons. This radiation occurs when particle-antiparticle pairs form near the black hole, and one particle falls in while the other escapes, leading to a loss of mass for the black hole. As a result, black holes can gradually lose energy and mass over time, potentially leading to their evaporation. This process challenges the traditional view of black holes as completely absorbing everything, including light, and introduces concepts from both quantum mechanics and general relativity.