Hawaiian history began with the arrival of the first Polynesian settlers around 1,500 years ago. They brought with them their culture, language, and agricultural practices, establishing a rich society that thrived on the islands. Over time, the islands were united under the rule of King Kamehameha the Great, who established the Kingdom of Hawaii in 1810, promoting trade and cultural exchange. In the late 19th century, Hawaii faced significant changes due to foreign influence and economic interests, particularly from American sugar planters. This led to the overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy in 1893 and eventual annexation by the United States in 1898, marking a pivotal shift in Hawaiian identity and governance.