A Hausdorff space is a type of topological space where any two distinct points can be separated by neighborhoods. This means that for any two points, there exist open sets around each point that do not overlap. This property ensures that points can be distinguished from one another, which is important in many areas of mathematics. In a Hausdorff space, limits of sequences (or nets) are unique. If a sequence converges to a point, it cannot converge to any other point. This uniqueness is crucial for analysis and topology, making Hausdorff spaces a fundamental concept in understanding the structure of spaces in mathematics.