Hardware malfunctions refer to failures or defects in physical components of a computer or electronic device. These issues can arise from various factors, including wear and tear, manufacturing defects, or environmental conditions. Common examples include a malfunctioning hard drive, a broken motherboard, or faulty RAM. When hardware malfunctions occur, they can lead to system crashes, data loss, or reduced performance. Troubleshooting often involves diagnosing the specific component causing the issue, which may require tools or professional assistance. Regular maintenance and monitoring can help prevent some hardware malfunctions and extend the lifespan of devices.