Haplogroup R is a major lineage in human genetics, primarily associated with the Y-chromosome. It is believed to have originated around 20,000 to 30,000 years ago in Central Asia. This haplogroup is prevalent in many populations across Europe, parts of Asia, and the Americas, indicating significant migration and genetic diversity. Within haplogroup R, there are several subclades, including R1a and R1b, which have distinct geographic distributions and historical significance. R1a is often linked to the Indo-European expansion, while R1b is common in Western Europe. These subclades help researchers trace human ancestry and migration patterns.