The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) is a widely used clinical tool designed to assess the severity of depression in individuals. Developed by Max Hamilton in 1960, it consists of a series of questions that evaluate various symptoms, including mood, sleep patterns, and appetite. The scale typically includes 17 to 21 items, with higher scores indicating more severe depression. Clinicians administer the HDRS through an interview, scoring each item based on the patient's responses. This standardized assessment helps guide treatment decisions and monitor changes in a patient's condition over time, making it a valuable resource in mental health care.