HTML tables are a way to organize and display data in a structured format on a webpage. They consist of rows and columns, where each row represents a different entry and each column represents a specific attribute of that entry. Tables are created using the table element, with tr for table rows, th for header cells, and td for standard data cells. Using tables helps improve the readability of information, making it easier for users to compare data at a glance. They are commonly used for displaying information like schedules, pricing, and statistics, enhancing the overall user experience on websites.