HTLV-I-associated myelopathy (HAM) is a neurological condition caused by the human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I). This virus primarily affects the spinal cord, leading to symptoms such as weakness, stiffness, and difficulty walking. It can also cause pain and sensory changes in the legs. The condition is more common in certain regions, particularly in Japan, Caribbean countries, and parts of Africa. Diagnosis typically involves clinical evaluation and tests to detect the presence of HTLV-I antibodies. While there is no cure, treatments focus on managing symptoms and improving quality of life for affected individuals.