HTLV-1-associated Myelopathy (HAM) is a neurological condition caused by the human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1). This virus primarily affects the spinal cord, leading to symptoms such as weakness, stiffness, and pain in the legs. It can also cause difficulties with walking and bladder control. The condition is a result of chronic inflammation in the spinal cord due to the immune response to the virus. While not everyone infected with HTLV-1 develops HAM, those who do may experience a gradual progression of symptoms. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms and improving quality of life.