HLA-C is a gene that encodes a protein involved in the immune system. It is part of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex, which helps the body recognize and respond to foreign substances, such as viruses and bacteria. HLA-C specifically presents peptides from inside the cell to CD8+ T cells, which are crucial for identifying and destroying infected or cancerous cells. The expression of HLA-C varies among individuals and can influence susceptibility to certain diseases, including autoimmune disorders and infections. Variations in the HLA-C gene can also affect the success of organ transplants by impacting how well the immune system accepts or rejects the transplanted tissue.