HFKW stands for Hydrofluorocarbons, a group of man-made chemicals commonly used in refrigeration, air conditioning, and aerosol propellants. These substances are known for their ability to cool effectively but have a significant impact on global warming due to their high global warming potential. In recent years, efforts have been made to phase out HFKW under international agreements like the Montreal Protocol. This treaty aims to reduce the use of substances that harm the ozone layer and mitigate climate change, promoting the adoption of more environmentally friendly alternatives.