H. pylori, or *Helicobacter pylori*, is a type of bacteria that lives in the stomach. It can cause various digestive issues, including ulcers and gastritis. Many people carry this bacteria without experiencing any symptoms, but for some, it can lead to discomfort and serious health problems. This bacterium is often transmitted through contaminated food or water. Doctors can diagnose an H. pylori infection through breath, stool, or endoscopy tests. Treatment usually involves a combination of antibiotics and medications to reduce stomach acid, helping to eliminate the bacteria and heal the stomach lining.