Gravitational anomalies refer to unexpected variations in the strength of gravity in certain areas. These anomalies can occur due to differences in the density of materials beneath the Earth's surface, such as mountains, valleys, or even underground structures. Scientists study these variations to better understand the Earth's composition and geological processes. One common method for detecting gravitational anomalies is through the use of a gravimeter, an instrument that measures tiny changes in gravitational pull. By analyzing the data collected, researchers can identify areas of interest for further exploration, such as potential mineral deposits or the presence of fault lines.