The Graph Isomorphism Problem is a question in computer science and mathematics that asks whether two graphs are structurally the same. Two graphs are considered isomorphic if there is a one-to-one correspondence between their vertices and edges, meaning they can be transformed into each other by simply renaming the vertices. This problem is significant because it has applications in various fields, including network analysis, chemistry, and computer vision. While it is easy to check if two small graphs are isomorphic, no efficient algorithm is known for larger graphs, making it a topic of ongoing research in the field of theoretical computer science.