Granulomatous inflammation is a type of chronic inflammatory response characterized by the formation of granulomas, which are small clusters of immune cells. These granulomas typically form when the body attempts to isolate substances it cannot eliminate, such as certain pathogens, foreign materials, or even cancer cells. This type of inflammation is often seen in conditions like tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, and Crohn's disease. The key cells involved in granulomatous inflammation are macrophages, which can transform into specialized cells called epithelioid cells. These cells work together to contain the offending agent, but the persistent presence of the irritant can lead to tissue damage and fibrosis. Granulomatous inflammation is a protective mechanism, but it can also contribute to chronic disease if not resolved.