Gowers norms are a set of mathematical tools used in functional analysis, particularly in the study of Banach spaces. They help measure the size of elements in these spaces, providing a way to understand their geometric properties. Named after mathematician William Timothy Gowers, these norms are particularly useful in the context of summability and combinatorial number theory. There are several types of Gowers norms, denoted as G^d for a positive integer d . Each norm captures different aspects of the structure of functions or sequences, allowing mathematicians to analyze their behavior under various transformations. Gowers norms play a crucial role in additive combinatorics and have applications in theoretical computer science.