The "Golden Age of Georgia" refers to a period in the early 19th century, particularly from the 1820s to the 1860s, when the state experienced significant economic growth and cultural development. This era was marked by the expansion of agriculture, especially with the rise of cotton production, which became a major cash crop. The invention of the cotton gin by Eli Whitney in 1793 greatly increased efficiency in cotton processing, contributing to this boom. During this time, Atlanta emerged as a key transportation hub, facilitating trade and commerce. The establishment of railroads further enhanced connectivity, leading to urban growth. Additionally, the period saw advancements in education and the arts, with institutions like Emory University being founded, reflecting the state's commitment to cultural and intellectual progress.