Goal Setting Theory is a psychological framework that emphasizes the importance of setting specific and challenging goals to enhance performance. Developed by Edwin Locke in the 1960s, this theory suggests that clear goals provide direction and motivation, leading individuals to focus their efforts and persist in the face of obstacles. According to the theory, effective goals should be specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound, often referred to as SMART goals. Research shows that when individuals commit to these types of goals, they are more likely to achieve higher levels of performance compared to those with vague or easy goals.