A global recession is a significant decline in economic activity that affects multiple countries simultaneously. It is characterized by falling GDP, rising unemployment, and decreased consumer spending. During such periods, businesses may struggle to survive, leading to widespread financial instability and hardship for individuals and families. The causes of a global recession can vary, but they often include factors like financial crises, trade disputes, or pandemics. For instance, the COVID-19 pandemic triggered a severe global recession in 2020, as countries implemented lockdowns that halted economic activity and disrupted supply chains worldwide.