Gilbert Ryle was a British philosopher born in 1900 and known for his work in the philosophy of mind and language. He is best recognized for his critique of the Cartesian dualism, which separates the mind and body. Ryle argued that mental states are not separate from physical actions, coining the term "the ghost in the machine" to describe this separation. Ryle's influential book, The Concept of Mind, published in 1949, challenged traditional views of mental processes. He proposed that mental activities should be understood in terms of behavior and actions rather than as inner, private experiences. His ideas contributed significantly to the development of behaviorism and contemporary philosophy.