Germany is divided into 16 federal states, known as Bundesländer. Each state has its own government and constitution, allowing for local laws and regulations. The states vary in size, population, and cultural identity, contributing to Germany's rich diversity. The largest state by area is Bavaria, famous for its traditions and Oktoberfest. Berlin, the capital, is both a city and a state, known for its historical significance and vibrant culture. Other notable states include North Rhine-Westphalia, the most populous, and Saxony, known for its cultural heritage and beautiful landscapes.