German Jews are individuals of Jewish heritage who have lived in Germany for centuries. Their history dates back to the early Middle Ages, with significant communities established by the 19th century. They contributed to various aspects of German culture, including philosophy, science, and the arts, with notable figures like Albert Einstein and Heinrich Heine. The Jewish community in Germany faced severe challenges during the Nazi regime, leading to widespread persecution and the Holocaust. Despite this tragic history, many German Jews have worked to rebuild their community and maintain their cultural identity in modern Germany, contributing to a diverse society.