Georgian history spans thousands of years, beginning with ancient kingdoms like Colchis and Iberia. These regions were known for their rich culture and trade, particularly during the Silk Road era. In the Middle Ages, the Kingdom of Georgia emerged, becoming a powerful state under rulers like David IV and Queen Tamar. In the 19th century, Georgia was annexed by the Russian Empire, leading to significant political and social changes. After a brief period of independence following the Russian Revolution, Georgia became part of the Soviet Union. It regained independence in 1991 and has since worked towards establishing a democratic government and integrating with European institutions.