The Geometrization Conjecture is a fundamental idea in the field of topology, proposed by mathematician William Thurston in the 1970s. It suggests that every closed, oriented 3-manifold can be decomposed into pieces that each have a uniform geometric structure. This means that the manifold can be understood in terms of eight distinct geometric types. In 2003, Grigori Perelman proved the Geometrization Conjecture as part of his work on the Poincaré Conjecture, which is a specific case of the conjecture. His proof used techniques from Ricci flow, a process that smooths out the geometry of manifolds, leading to significant advancements in the understanding of 3-manifolds.