Geographical discoveries refer to the exploration and mapping of new lands and territories, significantly expanding human knowledge of the world. Notable explorers like Christopher Columbus and Ferdinand Magellan played crucial roles during the Age of Exploration in the 15th and 16th centuries, leading to the identification of the Americas and the first circumnavigation of the globe. These discoveries not only revealed new continents but also facilitated trade and cultural exchanges between different civilizations. The advancements in navigation, such as the use of the compass and astrolabe, were essential tools that helped explorers venture into uncharted waters and document their findings.