Genomic structure refers to the organization and arrangement of genetic material within an organism's genome. This includes the sequence of DNA and how it is packaged into chromosomes. In humans, for example, the genome consists of approximately 3 billion base pairs of DNA that encode genes, which are segments responsible for producing proteins. The genomic structure also encompasses regulatory elements that control gene expression, such as promoters and enhancers. Additionally, the genome can contain non-coding regions, which do not code for proteins but play crucial roles in regulating gene activity and maintaining chromosome integrity.