Genomic instability refers to an increased tendency of an organism's genetic material to undergo mutations. This can lead to changes in DNA sequences, which may result in various diseases, including cancer. Factors contributing to genomic instability include environmental stressors, errors during DNA replication, and deficiencies in DNA repair mechanisms. Cells with genomic instability may accumulate harmful mutations over time, disrupting normal cellular functions. This instability can affect the cell cycle, leading to uncontrolled cell growth and tumor formation. Understanding genomic instability is crucial for developing targeted therapies in oncology and improving cancer treatment outcomes.