Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS) are research methods used to identify genetic variations linked to specific traits or diseases. By analyzing the entire genome of many individuals, researchers can find common genetic markers that may contribute to conditions like diabetes or heart disease. In a typical GWAS, DNA samples from thousands of participants are compared to see which genetic variants are more frequent in those with the condition versus those without. This helps scientists understand the genetic basis of diseases and can lead to better prevention and treatment strategies.