Genome evolution refers to the changes in the genetic material of organisms over time. These changes can occur through various mechanisms, such as mutations, gene duplications, and horizontal gene transfer. As species adapt to their environments, their genomes can evolve, leading to new traits and functions that enhance survival and reproduction. The study of genome evolution helps scientists understand the relationships between different species and the processes that drive biodiversity. By comparing the genomes of organisms, researchers can trace evolutionary lineages and identify common ancestors, shedding light on the history of life on Earth and the role of natural selection in shaping genomes.