A genetic model organism is a species that is extensively studied to understand biological processes and genetic functions. These organisms are chosen for their specific traits, ease of manipulation, and the ability to reproduce quickly. Common examples include Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly), Mus musculus (house mouse), and Caenorhabditis elegans (nematode). Researchers use genetic model organisms to investigate gene functions, disease mechanisms, and developmental processes. The insights gained from these studies can often be applied to other species, including humans, making them invaluable in fields like genetics, developmental biology, and medicine.