The Gaussian, or Normal distribution, is a probability distribution that is symmetric about the mean, showing that data near the mean are more frequent in occurrence than data far from the mean. It is characterized by its bell-shaped curve, defined by two parameters: the mean (average) and the standard deviation (which measures the spread of the data). In many natural phenomena, such as heights, test scores, and measurement errors, the Gaussian distribution often appears. This makes it a fundamental concept in statistics and is widely used in various fields, including psychology, economics, and natural sciences.