"Gaudium et Spes," also known as the "Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World," is a key document from the Second Vatican Council, which took place from 1962 to 1965. It addresses the relationship between the Catholic Church and contemporary society, emphasizing the Church's role in promoting human dignity, social justice, and peace. The document highlights the importance of engaging with the challenges of the modern world, including issues like poverty, war, and technological advancement. It encourages dialogue between the Church and various sectors of society, aiming to foster a more just and humane world for all people.