Galectins are a family of proteins that bind to specific carbohydrates, playing crucial roles in various biological processes. They are involved in cell-cell interactions, immune responses, and tissue development. Galectins can influence inflammation and cancer progression by modulating cell signaling pathways. These proteins are found in many organisms, including humans, and are categorized into different types based on their structure and function. Research on galectins is ongoing, as scientists explore their potential as therapeutic targets for diseases like cancer and autoimmune disorders. Understanding their mechanisms can lead to new treatment strategies.