Galdós refers to the Spanish author, Benito Pérez Galdós, who was a prominent novelist and playwright in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He is known for his realistic portrayal of Spanish society and politics during that time. Galdós's works often explore themes of social justice, human rights, and the struggles of the individual within society. His most famous novels include Fortunata y Jacinta and the Episodios Nacionales, a series that chronicles the history of Spain through the eyes of various characters. Galdós's literary contributions have earned him a significant place in Spanish literature, influencing many writers who followed him.