GAL1 is a gene found in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae that plays a crucial role in the metabolism of galactose, a type of sugar. When galactose is present, GAL1 is activated and helps the yeast convert this sugar into energy. This process is essential for yeast survival in environments where galactose is the primary carbohydrate source. The GAL1 gene is part of a larger regulatory system known as the GAL pathway, which includes other genes like GAL7 and GAL10. Together, these genes work to ensure that yeast can efficiently utilize galactose, demonstrating the organism's adaptability to different nutritional conditions.