Fungal biology is the study of fungi, a diverse group of organisms that play essential roles in ecosystems. Fungi can be found in various environments, from soil to decaying wood, and they are crucial for nutrient cycling. They obtain nutrients by breaking down organic matter, which helps recycle essential elements like carbon and nitrogen back into the ecosystem. Fungi are classified into several groups, including mushrooms, yeasts, and molds. They reproduce through spores, which can be spread by wind, water, or animals. Some fungi form symbiotic relationships with plants, such as mycorrhizae, which enhance nutrient absorption, while others can cause diseases in plants and animals.