Frequency bands refer to specific ranges of electromagnetic frequencies used for various communication technologies. These bands are measured in hertz (Hz) and are categorized into different segments, such as radio waves, microwaves, and infrared. Each band serves distinct purposes, from broadcasting television signals to enabling Wi-Fi connections. Different frequency bands have unique characteristics that affect their performance. For instance, lower frequency bands can travel longer distances and penetrate obstacles better, while higher frequency bands offer higher data rates but have shorter ranges. Understanding these bands is essential for optimizing the use of wireless communication systems.