French fortifications refer to military structures built to protect territories in France and its colonies. These fortifications include castles, walls, and bastions designed to withstand attacks. Notable examples include the Vauban forts, named after the military engineer Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban, who revolutionized fortification design in the 17th century. The design of French fortifications often emphasized star-shaped layouts, allowing for better defense against artillery. Many of these structures were strategically placed near borders or key locations, serving both military and administrative purposes. Today, some of these historic sites are preserved as cultural heritage and attract tourists interested in military history.