The Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) is a U.S. law that allows the public to request access to records from any federal agency. It promotes transparency by enabling citizens to obtain information about government activities, decisions, and spending. Agencies are required to respond to requests within a specific timeframe, usually 20 business days. FOIA applies to federal executive branch agencies, but not to Congress, the courts, or private organizations. Certain information may be exempt from disclosure for reasons such as national security or personal privacy. Overall, FOIA serves as a vital tool for accountability and informed citizenship.