Free-Space Optical Communication (FSO) is a technology that uses light to transmit data through the air. It employs lasers or light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to send information over distances without the need for physical cables. This method is particularly useful in situations where laying cables is impractical or too expensive. FSO systems can achieve high data rates and are often used for point-to-point communication links, such as between buildings or satellites. However, their performance can be affected by environmental factors like rain, fog, or dust, which can obstruct the light path and reduce signal quality.