Free Space Path Loss (FSPL) refers to the reduction in signal strength as it travels through free space. This phenomenon occurs when electromagnetic waves, such as radio waves, spread out over distance. The loss is influenced by the frequency of the signal and the distance between the transmitter and receiver. FSPL is an important concept in telecommunications and wireless communication, as it helps engineers design systems that can effectively transmit signals over long distances. Understanding FSPL allows for better planning of networks, ensuring that devices like cell phones and Wi-Fi routers maintain strong connections.