Frederick II, Elector Palatine (1574-1640), was a significant figure in the Holy Roman Empire. He served as the Elector Palatine from 1583 until his death, playing a crucial role in the political landscape of the time. His reign was marked by efforts to strengthen the Palatinate and promote Calvinism in the region. Frederick II was known for his support of the arts and education, establishing the University of Heidelberg as a center of learning. He also engaged in various military and diplomatic efforts during the Thirty Years' War, aligning with Protestant forces against the Catholic Habsburgs.