Francesco Todeschini Piccolomini (1500-1559) was an Italian cardinal and a prominent figure in the Catholic Church during the Renaissance. He was born in Siena and became known for his diplomatic skills and contributions to church governance. In 1556, he was appointed as the Archbishop of Siena and later became a cardinal. Piccolomini is also recognized for his role in the Council of Trent, which aimed to address issues within the Catholic Church and reform its practices. His efforts helped shape the direction of the Church during a time of significant change and conflict, particularly in response to the Protestant Reformation.