Fragmentation techniques are methods used to break down data or files into smaller, manageable pieces called fragments. This process is essential in various fields, such as computer science and data storage, as it helps optimize performance and improve data retrieval. By dividing large datasets, systems can access and process information more efficiently, reducing the time and resources needed. In the context of networking, fragmentation techniques also play a crucial role in transmitting data across different networks. When data packets exceed the maximum transmission unit (MTU) size, they must be fragmented to ensure successful delivery. This ensures that information can travel smoothly without overwhelming the network infrastructure.