The fovea is a small, central pit located in the retina of the eye, responsible for sharp central vision. It contains a high concentration of cone cells, which are photoreceptors that detect color and detail. This area allows us to see fine details clearly, making it essential for activities like reading and recognizing faces. Surrounding the fovea is the macula, which also contributes to central vision but is less specialized than the fovea. The fovea's unique structure enables it to provide the highest visual acuity, making it crucial for tasks that require focused vision.