Fourier Transforms are mathematical tools that transform a function of time (or space) into a function of frequency. This process allows us to analyze the frequency components of signals, making it essential in fields like Signal Processing and Electrical Engineering. By decomposing complex signals into simpler sine and cosine waves, Fourier Transforms help in understanding and manipulating data in various applications, from audio processing to image analysis. The most common type, the Continuous Fourier Transform, is used for continuous signals, while the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) is applied to discrete data sets. These transforms are foundational in modern technology, enabling advancements in telecommunications, medical imaging, and more.