The "Four Temperaments" is a historical theory that categorizes human personality into four distinct types: sanguine, choleric, melancholic, and phlegmatic. Each temperament is associated with specific traits; for example, sanguine individuals are often sociable and lively, while choleric people tend to be ambitious and leader-like. This concept dates back to ancient Greece, where it was believed that these temperaments were linked to bodily fluids or "humors." The melancholic temperament is characterized by introspection and sensitivity, whereas phlegmatic individuals are typically calm and reliable. Understanding these temperaments can help in recognizing different personality traits in ourselves and others.